County Tax Records
Chemung County NY
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Tax records are an excellent source of information in that the handwriting is generally much clearer than what we find on census records. These were copied back at the courthouse by people whose profession was writing or scribing, as they called it then. Also when individuals in the area had similar names, the presentation of them on the Tax Records was much more precise than on the census, so that there is no confusion year to year about the particular person being listed. I have examples of names that have been consistently transcribed erroneously from census records show up with perfect clarity on the tax records. 
Tax records give us no information about the family. The booklets used for recording the tax information in the field as well as in the court house office were just the standard lined paper tablet book such as the school children used. It is not a whole lot different than similar booklets we use today. Some had a stiff cardboard cover and others just a paper cover with a decoration and advertising. 

When an individual has appeared in sequential years on the tax records, and then disappears, we can determine a more accurate date for the emigrations that occurred or potentially a death. Often there are notations about a property being transferred from one owner to another.  When a married woman appears on the tax list in place of her husband, we have a clue that he may have died. She will often be identified as widow. There are cases where married women were taxed even though their husbands were still living. This is the exception. Young men of working age were taxed as Freemen even if they owned no property. In fact, they'd be better off tax wise to own a cow as the tax was less on that than on single Freeman with no property status. The same was not true of young women of the same age. 

In many cases individuals were taxed in two townships or even two counties. If they were on the boundaries, which may well have been established even after they purchased their properties, their lands overlapped into two political divisions. They will usually show up on only one census, but on the tax rolls of both townships. It is a source of curiosity to me that if a pasture overlapped a boundary and the cow wandered back and forth across it, was she taxable in one township or both? See my article, You Gotta Know the Territory, for information about the political divisions. 


Chemung County NY Tax Rolls
1794 Newtown Tax (This was the early Elmira area and it was in Tioga County NY at this time. It comprised at its organization all the territory now comprised of the towns of Southport, Big Flats, Horse Heads, Catlin, Veteran, Erin, Van Etten in Chemung County NY and the townships in Schuyler, of Dix, Catharine, and Cayuta, which were detached from Chemung county to form Schuyler in 1854
Legislation enacted in 1799 established a system of assessing and taxing real and personal property and required tax commissioners or county supervisors to submit to the State Comptroller a copy of the county's tax rolls and a list of unpaid taxes. The series consists of town assessment rolls prepared by county and filed with the State Comptroller's Office and now in the repository of the New York State Archives, Series number B0950.
1798 Town of Elmira [Newtown] Tax
1799 Town of Chemung [from Microfilm] 1799 Town of Newtown [Microfilm]
1799 Tax Assessment [County History]
1800 Town of Chemung [from microfilm] 1800 Town of Newtown [from microfilm]
1801 Town of Chemung [from microfilm] 1801 Town of Newtown [from microfilm]
1802 Town of Chemung [from microfilm] 1802 Town of Newtown [from microfilm]
1803 Town of Newtown [from microfilm]
1890 Town of Erin

Published On 5/15/2003
By Joyce M. Tice

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Chemung County NY